The Final Statement
‘And in 2020, the year of the presidential election and the events that followed, we adhered to the fundamental principle of journalism–portraying life as it is, without imposing our own judgments on it.’
In September, Belarus widely celebrated National Unity Day, commemorating the unification of the Belarusian people into one family in September 1939. On 29 October 1939, the People’s Assembly of Western Belarus adopted a declaration in Białystok on the incorporation of Western Belarus into the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic–that is, Belarus.
This was preceded by two main speeches. One of them, on the nature of government in Western Belarus, was delivered by Siarhei Asipovich Prytytski, after whom a street in Maladzyechna is named. Today, the Investigative Committee of the Republic of Belarus is located on that street.
The second speech, on the incorporation of Western Belarus into the BSSR, was delivered by Flor Danatovich Mantsevich, a teacher from the Disna region (in what is now the Vitebsk Region). Flor Danatovich Mantsevich was a teacher and folklorist, and the first teacher of the renowned Hennadz Ivanavich Tsitovich, People’s Artist of the USSR and founder and director of the Belarusian Academic National Folk Choir. He was a correspondent for the first Belarusian-language newspaper, ‘Nasha Niva’, and in 1939 delivered this speech at the People’s Assembly. In 1941, he was executed by the Nazi occupiers in Polotsk precisely because of his patriotic activities.
I am not passing judgment on the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, as is often done in connection with the events of 1939. I am merely pointing out that today, in this courtroom, the grandson of the Belarusian teacher who proclaimed to the whole world in 1939 the aspirations of millions of Belarusians, and not only Belarusians, to live together as one family, is being tried for discrediting Belarus.
First and foremost, I would like to thank my family, my relatives and loved ones, my friends and colleagues, who have stood by me throughout this difficult time, supported me physically and emotionally, and helped sustain my confidence in the righteousness of my cause.
‘Regіянальная газета’ (Regional Newspaper) is the only mass-circulation local non-state publication in Belarus that is regularly published entirely in the Belarusian language. Its first issue appeared in 1995, and it remained so until recently, faithfully fulfilling its mission.
And in 2020, the year of the presidential election and the events that followed, we adhered to the fundamental principle of journalism–portraying life as it is, without imposing our own judgments on it.
Incidentally, our mission statement, a document adopted by the editorial team, explicitly states that the newspaper cannot serve as the mouthpiece for the position or interests of any political party, social movement, or religious denomination. We have always adhered to these principles and rules.
That is why it was impossible to find any calls for extremism or other destructive actions in our publications, despite such allegations being made against me and our newspaper. Perhaps this is why Prosecutor Shukrinov writes the following in his report on the examination of the YouTube channel ‘Naviny Maladzechna. Regіянальная газета’: ‘The authors have covertly posted calls to participate in unauthorised mass events, encouraging both their organisation and participation in them.’ Or: ‘…an examination of the information disseminated has established that the resource in question spreads the opinion that repressions are being carried out against certain groups of people in the Republic of Belarus and promotes the idea of the use of repressive methods.’
Yet not a single specific fact has been cited, either then or now. Article 369-1 of the Criminal Code concerns the dissemination of ‘knowingly false information’. The editorial policy of ‘Regіянальная газета’, however, was based on presenting facts, not interpretations. We did not disseminate knowingly false information. The right to freedom of opinion is guaranteed by Article 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Belarus has ratified.
There have been eight court proceedings concerning the designation of publications or the resources of ‘Regіянальная газета’ as extremist materials. Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the documents from the most recent one. My defence counsel and I requested that these documents be added to the case file, but our request was denied. However, I would like to emphasise that seven other rulings, issued by different courts and different judges, contain exactly the same wording: ‘The court sees no grounds for commissioning expert examinations to assess the materials, since these materials are manifestly extremist in nature and no specialised knowledge is required to assess them.’ Well, this is nothing short of sophistry.
Meanwhile, the case file contains documents confirming that we made no calls of any kind. These are police documents, but I would go further: they were prepared on the basis of expert opinions:
‘The submitted transcripts of the audio recordings of the videos “Protests in Maladzyechna. Part 1. How It All Began. 9 August” and “Protests in Maladzyechna. Part 2. The Second Day. 10 August” contain no exhortative statements calling for violent actions by one group of people against another group of people identified by their affiliation with law enforcement agencies or public officials of the Republic of Belarus. The submitted transcripts of the audio recordings from the videos contain no statements expressing a negative assessment of an individual or group of individuals identified by their affiliation with law enforcement agencies or public officials of the Republic of Belarus.’
If the public prosecutor knows that such documents exist in the case file, why does he not request expert examinations of the materials listed in the indictment? Or at least agree to have the documents from the cases reported on by the newspaper added to the case file? It would then become absolutely clear that my actions do not, in fact, constitute a criminal offence.
On 17 March 2023, following a series of court proceedings, I was first charged with an offence under Article 369-1. From one indictment to the next–there were four in total–the same allegations were carried over: that I ‘am an adherent of a political movement and support a delinquent position…’, that I ‘have demonstrated an immoral interest in extremist activities…’, and that the crime was committed under aggravating circumstances, motivated by political and ideological enmity. Where did all this come from? I said this during the investigation and under questioning: I have never publicly or privately expressed any political or social affiliations, nor have I ever disclosed which church, if any, I attend. I considered such disclosures not merely unnecessary, but harmful for a journalist and newspaper publisher. That is why it is simply impossible to establish that I ‘was an adherent of some political movement’.
Articles 16 and 356 of the Code of Criminal Procedure state that ‘a verdict may not be based on assumptions’. I believe that the designation of a number of ‘Regіянальная газета’ resources and publications as extremist materials, on which my criminal case is based, without proper expert examination, is precisely such an assumption, an act of presumption. That is the first point.
Second, the assertion that I ‘demonstrated an immoral interest in extremist activities’ and was a supporter of them is equally an assumption, an act of presumption. Third, the claim that I was motivated by political and ideological enmity is also an assumption. And this is where the presumption of innocence comes into play. The elements of a criminal offence are absent.
As for the allegation that I ‘acted as part of a group of individuals’–of course I did. I was the head of an editorial office, and naturally I worked with other people. An editorial office is made up of people. It is thanks to this team that ‘Regіянальная газета’ became a well-known, recognisable, authoritative and respected publication over its 28 years of existence.
There is plenty of evidence and numerous examples of this. But just go outside today and conduct a survey among ordinary people, among passers-by, and you will find confirmation of what I am saying. So, who are these people from ‘RG’?
Nina Mantsevich, deputy director and chief accountant, my support in everything and my life partner. She has done a great deal for ‘Regіянальная газета’, and without her, the newspaper would never have existed. She knows that I have never violated anything, anywhere, at any time–unless you count the time I led her, despite her sore legs, across the road outside a pedestrian crossing, for which I received an administrative warning.
Zoya Khrutskaya, deputy editor-in-chief, the author of numerous ideas, projects and articles, and the head of our creative journalistic team. She has collected people’s stories and life histories, has never violated journalistic standards, and has taught others to uphold them.
Maria Bronislavovna Beresneva, literary editor and one of the longest-serving members of the editorial office. She taught younger colleagues how to write properly. Working alongside her, young employees gained valuable experience and learned to understand the meaning and weight of every word. She was also someone who safeguarded the integrity of what we said and what we wrote about, and who would never have allowed any extremism or calls for destructive action to appear in our publications.
Oksana Yaroshonok, correspondent, writer, poet and translator, knows how to write about culture, history and human lives, and loves doing so. Together with a reader from the Smorgon region named Zhilko, she uncovered and brought back from oblivion dozens of names of Belarusians–sons of Belarus who died on Polish territory in 1939, among the first in Europe to bear the brunt of the Nazi invasion. They were buried in the town of Piotrków Trybunalski. Their families did not know what had happened to their loved ones. I personally know one family, the Steburako family, in which one brother found the grave of his brother.
A year later, the brother in Belarus who had lived long enough to receive this news passed away. But how much more peacefully he must have departed this life, knowing what had become of his brother, whom he had seen off to war! And Oksana remained alongside the reader until her very last day.
Igor Polynsky, who has been mentioned here, is a technical editor, poet, musician, journalist and, if I may put it this way, a multi-instrumentalist. He is so versatile that he can do almost anything in journalism and its technical production. That is why his official position was technical editor, although he also wrote, filmed, spoke and produced excellent journalistic material.
Anastasia Utkina is the youngest member of our team. She loves sports and writing about sports, and she loves photography. It was the photo reports by Anastasia Utkina and Zoya Khrutskaya, as well as Zoya Khrutskaya’s and Igor Polynsky’s videos and articles, that documented what happened in 2020, while adhering to high professional standards.
Zhanna Gorban, our advertising specialist, is an honest and meticulous person, in the best sense of the word. Thoroughness and attention to detail are essential when collecting advertising materials and payments. She was responsible for advertising and finances, and we could always be absolutely confident that the company’s cash register was in safe hands with Zhanna.
Unfortunately, today the cash register is empty, all of ‘RG’s’ resources have been designated as extremist, its employees have lost their jobs, and its editor-in-chief stands accused of discrediting the Republic of Belarus. I am proud to have worked alongside these people, a team of true professionals for whom the truth mattered more than convenience. They could sleep peacefully after every publication because they had written only the truth. I could sleep just as peacefully because I never had to worry that we were supposedly publishing lies or slandering anyone. And, of course, our team was never involved in extremism.
Throughout my journalistic career, I have had the privilege of meeting many different people. I knew Hennadz Aleksandrovich Kakhanovsky, Adam Asipovich Maldzis, Anatoly Valentinovich Rogach, Vladimir Sodal, Yanka Solomevich, Nikolai Kopylovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich Chernyavsky, and Konstantin Ivanovich Khoroshevich. They certainly would not have admitted into their circle of acquaintances–or, in some cases, I would even say friends–people who were indifferent to Belarus or careless in their attitude towards it.
Even today, I can hear their voices–the voices of those who, together with my ancestors, gave me clear principles to guide me through life. They taught me to live by the principle: ‘Never betray your homeland.’ And to me, my homeland is not merely the spring in the village of Malaya Kovalevshchina in the Miory region, which is still known as Flor’s Spring because my grandfather, the teacher Flor Danatovich Mantsevich, cleared it together with his pupils, and its waters still flow today. Nor is it merely the well in Ikazn in the Braslaw region, known as Mantsevich’s Well because my grandfather began building a house there–but 1941 prevented him from finishing it, while the well remained. My homeland is also my people, my Belarus, to whose service I have devoted my life.
A year ago, my father, journalist and writer Boris Florovich Mantsevich, passed away. I was unable to erect a monument for him on the anniversary of his death because that cannot be done from prison. But for writers, their books become their monuments. His last book published during his lifetime, released in 2021 and dedicated to his fellow student at the Faculty of Philology, with whom he studied and was friends, Nil Semyonovich Hilevich, bears the symbolic title ‘Belarushchyna’. Today, the son of the author of this book is on trial for discrediting the Republic of Belarus, despite the prosecution having failed to produce a single fact to support the charge–as my defence counsel and I have demonstrated–and despite every allegation being refutable.
I am not a dreamer, but I believe that one day, in Maladzyechna, or Vileyka, Myadzel or Svir, or perhaps in the small village of Verkhniya Druyi in the Maladzyechna region, a street named after ‘Regіянальная газета’ may well become a reality. Despite everything that has happened to ‘Regіянальная газета’, it has written a bright and worthy line in the history of modern Belarus. The newspaper genuinely strengthened the standing of the Belarusian nation, gave people truthful reporting in a language close to their hearts, and always shared the concerns and problems of its readers and their neighbours.
In textbooks on the history of Belarusian journalism, those who study it–and there will always be such people, because journalism is one of the oldest professions–will certainly find accounts of the finest work produced by the ‘Regіянальная газета’ team, which called upon its journalists, and was itself called upon, to write only the truth. That is what this trial is about today.
I see no guilt in myself whatsoever. In the very first days after my detention, law enforcement officers told me: ‘Alexander Borisovich, your fate will not be decided in court, but here and now.’ They also lied to me, claiming that my wife had been hospitalised with a heart attack. ‘Admit your guilt and everything will be fine.’
But what exactly am I guilty of? My grandfather was executed for Belarus, and you think I will be afraid of your four-year sentence, Mr Public Prosecutor? Look me in the eye. Never.
I feel sorry only for my loved ones: my sick wife and my grandson Donat, whom I had hoped to teach new words. Now his mother has to find the words to explain to a child why his grandfather is in prison–a place for real criminals, and criminals alone. I believe she will find the right words, and my conscience will remain clear. My grandson will never have to be ashamed of his grandfather’s name. I regret the projects I will clearly never be able to bring to fruition, as four years will not be enough, and I do not believe in that other life. I regret what has happened to ‘Regіянальная газета’, my employees and its readers, who have been deprived of the sincere friend that ‘RG’ was. The events surrounding ‘Regіянальная газета’ after the summer of 2021 destroyed a magnificent project that worked for Belarus and in the name of Belarus. I do not admit my guilt, and I never will.
Once again, thank you all for supporting me. My endless gratitude goes to my family, friends and colleagues, to everyone who attended the hearings over these seven days, to those who could not attend but were thinking of me, to those who wrote me letters in Zhodzina, sent me parcels and did so much more. Thank you all. Thank you, Grigory Fyodorovich, for our work together. Thank you, Honourable Court, for giving me the opportunity to deliver my final statement.
Thank you to all the other parties to these proceedings, and to everyone present. I ask the Honourable Court to add the written version of my statement to the case file, because what is written remains.
***The original was delivered in Belarusian and published by Avginya Mantsevich, Alexander’s daughter:***In September, Belarus widely celebrated National Unity Day, commemorating the unification of the Belarusian people into one family in September 1939. On 29 October 1939, the People’s Assembly of Western Belarus adopted a declaration in Białystok on the incorporation of Western Belarus into the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic–that is, Belarus.
This was preceded by two main speeches. One of them, on the nature of government in Western Belarus, was delivered by Siarhei Asipovich Prytytski, after whom a street in Maladzyechna is named. Today, the Investigative Committee of the Republic of Belarus is located on that street.
The second speech, on the incorporation of Western Belarus into the BSSR, was delivered by Flor Danatovich Mantsevich, a teacher from the Disna region (in what is now the Vitebsk Region). Flor Danatovich Mantsevich was a teacher and folklorist, and the first teacher of the renowned Hennadz Ivanavich Tsitovich, People’s Artist of the USSR and founder and director of the Belarusian Academic National Folk Choir. He was a correspondent for the first Belarusian-language newspaper, ‘Nasha Niva’, and in 1939 delivered this speech at the People’s Assembly. In 1941, he was executed by the Nazi occupiers in Polotsk for his patriotic activities.
I am not passing judgment on the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, as is often done in connection with the events of 1939. I am merely pointing out that today, in this courtroom, the grandson of the Belarusian teacher who proclaimed to the whole world in 1939 the aspirations of millions of Belarusians, and not only Belarusians, to live together as one family, is being tried for discrediting Belarus.
First and foremost, I would like to thank my family, my relatives and loved ones, my friends and colleagues, who have stood by me throughout this difficult time, supported me physically and emotionally, and helped sustain my confidence in the righteousness of my cause.
‘Рэгіянальная газета’ (‘Regional Newspaper’) is the only mass-circulation local non-state publication in Belarus that is regularly published entirely in the Belarusian language. Its first issue appeared in 1995, and it remained so until recently, faithfully fulfilling its mission.
And in 2020, the year of the presidential election and the events that followed, we adhered to the fundamental principle of journalism–portraying life as it is, without imposing our own judgments on it.
Incidentally, our mission statement, a document adopted by the editorial team, explicitly states that the newspaper cannot serve as the mouthpiece for the position or interests of any political party, social movement, or religious denomination. We have always adhered to these principles and rules.
That is why it was impossible to find any calls for extremism or other destructive actions in our publications, despite such allegations being made against me and our newspaper. Perhaps this is why Prosecutor Shukrinov writes the following in his report on the examination of the YouTube channel ‘Навіны Маладзечна. Рэгіянальная газета’: ‘The authors have covertly posted calls to participate in unauthorised mass events, encouraging both their organisation and participation in them.’ Or: ‘…an examination of the information disseminated has established that the resource in question spreads the opinion that repressions are being carried out against certain groups of people in the Republic of Belarus and promotes the idea of the use of repressive methods.’
Yet not a single specific fact has been cited, either then or now. Article 369-1 of the Criminal Code concerns the dissemination of ‘knowingly false information’. The editorial policy of ‘Рэгіянальная газета’, however, was based on presenting facts, not interpretations. We did not disseminate knowingly false information. The right to freedom of opinion is guaranteed by Article 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Belarus has ratified.
There have been eight court proceedings concerning the designation of publications or the resources of ‘Рэгіянальная газета’ as extremist materials. Unfortunately, I am not familiar with the documents from the most recent one. My defence counsel and I requested that these documents be added to the case file, but our request was denied. However, I would like to emphasise that seven other rulings, issued by different courts and different judges, contain exactly the same wording: ‘The court sees no grounds for commissioning expert examinations to assess the materials, since these materials are manifestly extremist in nature and no specialised knowledge is required to assess them.’ Well, this is nothing short of sophistry.
Meanwhile, the case file contains documents confirming that we made no calls of any kind. These are police documents, but I would go further: they were prepared on the basis of expert opinions:
‘The submitted transcripts of the audio recordings of the videos “Protests in Maladzyechna. Part 1. How It All Began. 9 August” and “Protests in Maladzyechna. Part 2. The Second Day. 10 August” contain no exhortative statements calling for violent actions by one group of people against another group of people identified by their affiliation with law enforcement agencies or public officials of the Republic of Belarus. The submitted transcripts of the audio recordings from the videos contain no statements expressing a negative assessment of an individual or group of individuals identified by their affiliation with law enforcement agencies or public officials of the Republic of Belarus.’
If the public prosecutor knows that such documents exist in the case file, why does he not request expert examinations of the materials listed in the indictment? Or at least agree to have the documents from the cases reported on by the newspaper added to the case file? It would then become absolutely clear that my actions do not, in fact, constitute a criminal offence.
On 17 March 2023, following a series of court proceedings, I was first charged with an offence under Article 369-1. From one indictment to the next–there were four in total–the same allegations were carried over: that I ‘am an adherent of a political movement and support a delinquent position…’, that I ‘have demonstrated an immoral interest in extremist activities…’, and that the crime was committed under aggravating circumstances, motivated by political and ideological enmity. Where did all this come from? I said this during the investigation and under questioning: I have never publicly or privately expressed any political or social affiliations, nor have I ever disclosed which church, if any, I attend. I considered such disclosures not merely unnecessary, but harmful for a journalist and newspaper publisher. That is why it is simply impossible to establish that I ‘was an adherent of some political movement’.
Articles 16 and 356 of the Code of Criminal Procedure state that ‘a verdict may not be based on assumptions’. I believe that the designation of a number of ‘Рэгіянальная газета’ resources and publications as extremist materials, on which my criminal case is based, without proper expert examination, is precisely such an assumption, an act of presumption. That is the first point.
Second, the assertion that I ‘demonstrated an immoral interest in extremist activities’ and was a supporter of them is equally an assumption, an act of presumption. Third, the claim that I was motivated by political and ideological enmity is also an assumption. And this is where the presumption of innocence comes into play. The elements of a criminal offence are absent.
As for the allegation that I ‘acted as part of a group of individuals’–of course I did. I was the head of an editorial office, and naturally I worked with other people. An editorial office is made up of people. It is thanks to this team that ‘Рэгіянальная газета’ became a well-known, recognisable, authoritative and respected publication over its 28 years of existence.
There is plenty of evidence and numerous examples of this. But just go outside today and conduct a survey among ordinary people, among passers-by, and you will find confirmation of what I am saying. So, who are these people from ‘RG’?
Nina Mantsevich, deputy director and chief accountant, my support in everything and my life partner. She has done a great deal for ‘Рэгіянальная газета’, and without her, the newspaper would never have existed. She knows that I have never violated anything, anywhere, at any time–unless you count the time I led her, despite her sore legs, across the road outside a pedestrian crossing, for which I received an administrative warning.
Zoya Khrutskaya, deputy editor-in-chief, the author of numerous ideas, projects and articles, and the head of our creative journalistic team. She has collected people’s stories and life histories, has never violated journalistic standards, and has taught others to uphold them.
Maria Bronislavovna Beresneva, literary editor and one of the longest-serving members of the editorial office. She taught younger colleagues how to write properly. Working alongside her, young employees gained valuable experience and learned to understand the meaning and weight of every word. She was also someone who safeguarded the integrity of what we said and what we wrote about, and who would never have allowed any extremism or calls for destructive action to appear in our publications.
Oksana Yaroshonok, correspondent, writer, poet and translator, knows how to write about culture, history and human lives, and loves doing so. Together with a reader from the Smorgon region named Zhilko, she uncovered and brought back from oblivion dozens of names of Belarusians–sons of Belarus who died on Polish territory in 1939, among the first in Europe to bear the brunt of the Nazi invasion. They were buried in the town of Piotrków Trybunalski. Their families did not know what had happened to their loved ones. I personally know one family, the Steburako family, in which one brother found the grave of his brother.
A year later, the brother in Belarus who had lived long enough to receive this news passed away. But how much more peacefully he must have departed this life, knowing what had become of his brother, whom he had seen off to war! And Oksana remained alongside the reader until her very last day.
Igor Polynsky, who has been mentioned here, is a technical editor, poet, musician, journalist and, if I may put it this way, a multi-instrumentalist. He is so versatile that he can do almost anything in journalism and its technical production. That is why his official position was technical editor, although he also wrote, filmed, spoke and produced excellent journalistic material.
Anastasia Utkina is the youngest member of our team. She loves sports and writing about sports, and she loves photography. It was the photo reports by Anastasia Utkina and Zoya Khrutskaya, as well as Zoya Khrutskaya’s and Igor Polynsky’s videos and articles, that documented what happened in 2020, while adhering to high professional standards.
Zhanna Gorban, our advertising specialist, is an honest and meticulous person, in the best sense of the word. Thoroughness and attention to detail are essential when collecting advertising materials and payments. She was responsible for advertising and finances, and we could always be absolutely confident that the company’s cash register was in safe hands with Zhanna.
Unfortunately, today the cash register is empty, all of ‘RG’s’ resources have been designated as extremist, its employees have lost their jobs, and its editor-in-chief stands accused of discrediting the Republic of Belarus. I am proud to have worked alongside these people, a team of true professionals for whom the truth mattered more than convenience. They could sleep peacefully after every publication because they had written only the truth. I could sleep just as peacefully because I never had to worry that we were supposedly publishing lies or slandering anyone. And, of course, our team was never involved in extremism.
Throughout my journalistic career, I have had the privilege of meeting many different people. I knew Hennadz Aleksandrovich Kakhanovsky, Adam Asipovich Maldzis, Anatoly Valentinovich Rogach, Vladimir Sodal, Yanka Solomevich, Nikolai Kopylovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich Chernyavsky, and Konstantin Ivanovich Khoroshevich. They certainly would not have admitted into their circle of acquaintances–or, in some cases, I would even say friends–people who were indifferent to Belarus or careless in their attitude towards it.
Even today, I can hear their voices–the voices of those who, together with my ancestors, gave me clear principles to guide me through life. They taught me to live by the principle: ‘Never betray your homeland.’ And to me, my homeland is not merely the spring in the village of Malaya Kovalevshchina in the Miory region, which is still known as Flor’s Spring because my grandfather, the teacher Flor Danatovich Mantsevich, cleared it together with his pupils, and its waters still flow today. Nor is it merely the well in Ikazn in the Braslaw region, known as Mantsevich’s Well because my grandfather began building a house there–but 1941 prevented him from finishing it, while the well remained. My homeland is also my people, my Belarus, to whose service I have devoted my life.
A year ago, my father, journalist and writer Boris Florovich Mantsevich, passed away. I was unable to erect a monument for him on the anniversary of his death because that cannot be done from prison. But for writers, their books become their monuments. His last book published during his lifetime, released in 2021 and dedicated to his fellow student at the Faculty of Philology, with whom he studied and was friends, Nil Semyonovich Hilevich, bears the symbolic title ‘Беларушчына’. Today, the son of the author of this book is on trial for discrediting the Republic of Belarus, despite the prosecution having failed to produce a single fact to support the charge–as my defence counsel and I have demonstrated–and despite every allegation being refutable.
I am not a dreamer, but I believe that one day, in Maladzyechna, or Vileyka, Myadzel or Svir, or perhaps in the small village of Verkhniya Druyi in the Maladzyechna region, a street named after ‘Рэгіянальная газета’ may well become a reality. Despite everything that has happened to ‘Рэгіянальная газета’, it has written a bright and worthy line in the history of modern Belarus. The newspaper genuinely strengthened the standing of the Belarusian nation, gave people truthful reporting in a language close to their hearts, and always shared the concerns and problems of its readers and their neighbours.
In textbooks on the history of Belarusian journalism, those who study it–and there will always be such people, because journalism is one of the oldest professions–will certainly find accounts of the finest work produced by the ‘Рэгіянальная газета’ team, which called upon its journalists, and was itself called upon, to write only the truth. That is what this trial is about today.
I see no guilt in myself whatsoever. In the very first days after my detention, law enforcement officers told me: ‘Alexander Borisovich, your fate will not be decided in court, but here and now.’ They also lied to me, claiming that my wife had been hospitalised with a heart attack. ‘Admit your guilt and everything will be fine.’
But what exactly am I guilty of? My grandfather was executed for Belarus, and you think I will be afraid of your four-year sentence, Mr Public Prosecutor? Look me in the eye. Never.
I feel sorry only for my loved ones: my sick wife and my grandson Donat, whom I had hoped to teach new words. Now his mother has to find the words to explain to a child why his grandfather is in prison–a place for real criminals, and criminals alone. I believe she will find the right words, and my conscience will remain clear. My grandson will never have to be ashamed of his grandfather’s name. I regret the projects I will clearly never be able to bring to fruition, as four years will not be enough, and I do not believe in that other life. I regret what has happened to ‘Рэгіянальная газета’, my employees and its readers, who have been deprived of the sincere friend that ‘RG’ was. The events surrounding ‘Рэгіянальная газета’ after the summer of 2021 destroyed a magnificent project that worked for Belarus and in the name of Belarus. I do not admit my guilt, and I never will.
Once again, thank you all for supporting me. My endless gratitude goes to my family, friends and colleagues, to everyone who attended the hearings over these seven days, to those who could not attend but were thinking of me, to those who wrote me letters in Zhodzina, sent me parcels and did so much more. Thank you all. Thank you, Grigory Fyodorovich, for our work together. Thank you, Honourable Court, for giving me the opportunity to deliver my final statement.
Thank you to all the other parties to these proceedings, and to everyone present. I ask the Honourable Court to add the written version of my statement to the case file, because what is written remains.
The original was delivered in Belarusian and published by Avginya Mantsevich, Alexander’s daughter:
У верасні Беларусь шырока адзначыла Дзень народнага адзінства, дзень аб’яднання беларускага народа ў адзінай сям’і ў верасні 1939 года. Дваццаць дзявятага кастрычніка 1939 года ў Беластоку была прынята на народным сходзе Заходняй Беларусі дэкларацыя аб уваходжанні Заходняй Беларусі у БССР, чытай у Беларусь. Гэтаму папярэднічала два асноўных даклады. Адзін з дакладаў аб характары ўлады ў Заходняй Беларусі чытаў Сяргей Восіпавіч Прытыцкі, на вуліцы імя якога у Маладзечне сёння месціцца Следчы камітэт Рэспублікі Беларусь. Другі даклад па пытанні ўваходжання Заходняй Беларусі ў склад БССР чытаў настаўнік з Дзісеншчыны (гэта сённяшняя Віцебшчына) Флор Данатавіч Манцэвіч. Флор Данатавіч Манцэвіч – настаўнік, фалькларыст, першы настаўнік славутага Генадзя Іванавіча Цітовіча, народнага артыста СССР, арганізатара і кіраўніка Беларускага акадэмічнага нацыянальнага народнага хора, быў карэспандэнтам першай беларускай газеты “Наша Ніва”, а ў 1939 годзе выступаў з гэтым дакладам на Народным сходзе. У 1941 годзе яго расстралялі гітлераўскія акупанты ў Полацку менавіта за патрыятычную дзейнасць. Я не ацэньваю пакта Рыбентропа-Молатава, як гэта часта робіцца ў сувязі з падзеямі 39-га года, я кажу толькі пра тое, што ўнука беларускага настаўніка, які агучыў на ўвесь свет у 39-м годзе памкненні мільёнаў беларусаў, і не толькі беларусаў, жыць у адзінай сям’і, сёння ў гэтай залі судзяць за дыскрэдытацыю Беларусі.
Перш за ўсё хачу падзякаваць маёй сям’і, родным і блізкім, сябрам і калегам, якія ўвесь гэты складаны час былі разам са мной, падтрымлівалі мяне фізічна і маральна, а разам з тым маю ўпэўненасць у маёй праваце. “Рэгіянальная газета” – адзінае ў Беларусі масавае рэгулярна выдаванае мясцовае недзяржаўнае выданне цалкам на беларускай мове ўпершыню выйшла ў 1995 годзе і такім заставалася да апошняга часу, сумленна выконваючы сваю місію. І ў 2020 годзе, у годзе прэзідэнцкіх выбараў і наступных падзей, мы прытрымліваліся галоўнага журналісцкага прынцыпу – паказваць жыццё такім, якім яно ёсць, не даючы яму ўласных ацэнак. Дарэчы, у нашай місіі, дакуменце, прынятым рэдакцыяй, падкрэслена, што газета не можа быць выказнікам пазіцыі інтарэсаў якой бы то ні было партыі, якога б то ні было грамадскага руху, або якой бы то ні было канфесіі. І мы гэтых прынцыпаў, гэтых правілаў трымаліся ўвесь час. З гэтай прычыны і немагчыма ў нас было знайсці нейкіх заклікаў да экстрэмізму і іншых дэструктыўных дзеянняў, як гэта прыпісваецца мне і нашай газеце. Можа таму пракурор Шукрынаў у сваёй даведцы аб даследаванні ютуб канала “Навіны Маладзечна. Рэгіянальная газета” піша: “Авторами завуалировано размещены призывы к участию в несанкционированных массовых мероприятиях, поощряется их проведение и участие в них». Або «…изучением распространенной информации установлено: на указанном ресурсе распространяется мнение, что на территории Республики Беларусь осуществляются репрессии в отношении определенных групп лиц, пропагандируется мысль о репрессивных методах». Ні тады, ні цяпер не ўказана ніводнага факту. Атрыкул 369-1 Крымінальнага Кодэксу гаворыць аб распаўсюджванні “заведомо ложных сведений”. Рэдакцыйная ж палітыка “Рэгіянальнай газеты” будавалася на паказе фактаў, а не іх інтэрпрэтацый. Мы не распаўсюджвалі заведама ілжывыя звесткі. А права на свабоду меркаванняў даецца артыкулам 33 Канстытуцыі Рэспублікі Беларусь і артыкулам 19 Міжнароднага пакта аб грамадзянскіх і палітычных правах, які ратыфікавала Рэспубліка Беларусь. Адбылося восем судоў па прызнанні публікацый ці саміх рэсурсаў “Рэгіянальнай газеты” экстрэмістскімі матэрыяламі. З матэрыяламі апошняга, на жаль, я не знаёмы. Нашу з маім абаронцам просьбу далучыць гэтыя матэрыялы да справы не задаволілі. Але я хачу падкрэсліць, што ў сямі іншых рашэннях розных судоў з рознымі суддзямі прысутнічае адна і тая ж фармулёўка: “Суд не усматривает оснований для назначения экспертных исследований для оценки материалов, поскольку данные материалы носят очевидно экстремистский характер, и для их оценки не требуется спецальных познаний”. Ну, гэта проста нейкая казуістыка. Між тым у матэрыялах справы ёсць дакументы, якія пацвярджаюць, што ў нас не было ніякіх заклікаў. Гэта міліцэйскія матэрыялы, але я больш таго скажу, яны рабіліся на падставе меркавання экспертаў: “В представленных текстах фонограммы видеороликов «Пратэсты ў Маладзечне. Частка 1. Як усё пачыналася. 9 жніўня», і «Пратэсты ў Маладзечне. Частка 2. Дзень другі. 10 жніўня», не имеется высказываний побудительного характера, призывающих к насильственным действиям одной группы лиц по отношению к другой группе лиц, объединенных по признаку принадлежности к сотрудникам правоохранительных органов, государственным служащим Республики Беларусь. В представленных текстах фонограмм из видеороликов не имеется высказываний, содержащих негативную оценку лица или группы лиц, объединенных по признаку принадлежности к сотрудникам правоохранительных органов государственным служащим Республики Беларусь”. Калі дзяржаўны абвінаваўца ведае, што такія дакументы ў справе існуюць, то чаму б яму не запатрабаваць экспертызы тых матэрыялаў, якія пералічаны ў абвінавачанні. Ці хаця б пагадзіцца на тое, каб матэрыялы спраў, пра якія піша газета, былі далучаны да справы. І тады б абсалютна відавочна стала тое, што ў маіх дзеяннях складу злачынства сапраўды няма. 
Сямнаццатага сакавіка 2023 года пасля шэрагу судоў мне выносіцца першае абвінавачанне ў здзяйсненні злачынства, прадугледжанага артыкулам 369-1. З абвінавачання ў абвінавачанне (іх было чатыры), пераходзіць тое, што я «являюсь приверженцем политического движения, поддерживаю делинквентную позицию…», «проявлял безнравственный интерес к экстремистской деятельности…», «при отягчающих обстоятельствах совершения преступления по мотивам политической и идеологической вражды». Адкуль гэта ўзялося? Я гаварыў гэта і на следстве ў часе майго допыту, што нідзе ніколі ні публічна, ні прыватна не паказваў сваіх палітычных ці нейкіх грамадскіх прыхільнасцяў, ні ў якую царкву я хаджу ці не хаджу. Гэта я лічыў не тое, што непатрэбным, а шкодным для журналіста, для выдаўца газеты. І таму знайсці, што я «являлся приверженцем какого-то политического движения» проста немагчыма.
У Крымінальна працэсуальным кодэксе артыкул 16 і артыкул 356 гаворыцца «приговор не может быть основан на предположениях». Лічу, што прызнанне шэрагу рэсурсаў і публікацый “Рэгіянальнай газеты”, на базе чаго пабудавана мая крымінальная справа, экстрэмісцкімі, у адсутнасці належнай экспертызы, з’яўляецца тым самым предположением, дапушчэннем. Гэта раз. Другое — сцвярджэнне, што я выказваў «безнравственный интерес к экстремистской деятельности, являясь её сторонником», з’яўляецца такім самым дапушчэннем, предположением. І трэцяе — тое, што ў мяне былі матывы политической и идеологической вражды, – таксама дапушчэнне. І тут наступае прэзумпцыя невінаватасці. І адсутнічае склад злачынства.
Ну, а тое, што я “дзейнічаў у групе асоб” – зразумела, я ж кіраваў рэдакцыяй, вядома, я працаваў з людзьмі. Рэдакцыя – гэта людзі. І толькі дзякуючы калектыву, “Рэгіянальная газета” за 28 гадоў свайго існавання стала вядомым, пазнавальным, аўтарытэтным і паважаным выданнем. Гэтаму ёсць шмат сведчанняў і прыкладаў, але вазьміце сёння выйдзіце на вуліцу і правядзіце апытанне сярод простых людзей, сярод мінакоў — і вы знойдзеце пацвярджэнне таму, што я цяпер гавару. Хто ж яны, гэтыя людзі “РГ”? Ніна Манцэвіч, намесніца дырэктара, галоўны бухгалтар, мая падтрымка ва ўсім, мая спадарожніца жыцця, яна шмат зрабіла для “Рэгіянальнай газеты” і без яе “Рэгіянальнай газеты” не было б ніколі. Яна ведае, што я нішто нідзе ніколі не парушыў, хіба што перавёў яе з хворымі нагамі не на пераходзе, за што мне вынесена адміністрацыйнае папярэджанне. Зоя Хруцкая, намесніца галоўнага рэдактара, аўтарка шматлікіх ідэй і праектаў, публікацый, кіраўніца творчага журналісцкага калектыву, збіральніца людскіх гісторый і лёсаў, якая ніколі не парушала журналістскіх стандартаў і навучала ім іншых. Марыя Браніславаўна Бераснева, стыльрэдактар, адна з найстарэйшых работніц рэдакцыі, яна вучыла маладых, як правільна пісаць, побач з ёй маладыя работнікі атрымлівалі каштоўны досвед, вучыліся разумець сэнс і вагу кожнага слова. Гэта таксама чалавек, які стаяў на варце інтарэсаў таго, што мы гаворым і пра што мы гаворым, і якая таксама ніколі б не дапусціла ў нашых матэрыялах ні экстрэмізму, ні заклікаў да чаго-небудзь дэструктыўнага. Аксана Ярашонак, карэспандэнт, пісьменніца, паэтка, перакладчыца, умее і любіць пісаць пра культуру, гісторыю, людскія лёсы. Разам з чытачом са Смаргоншчыны Жылкам яна раскрыла для чытачоў “Рэгіянальнай газеты”, і не толькі, вярнула для Беларусі з небыцця дзесяткі імён беларусаў, беларускіх сыноў, якія загінулі на тэрыторыі Польшчы ў 1939 годзе, першымі у Еўропе прыняўшыя ўдары гітлераўскіх войск на сябе, і былі пахаваныя ў горадзе Пётркуве-Трыбунальскім. Родныя не ведалі, дзе падзеліся іх блізкія. Я ведаю сам адну сям’ю па прозвішчу Сцебурака, дзе брат знайшоў свайго брата. Праз год брата ў Беларусі, каторы дачакаўся гэтай весткі, не стала. Але наколькі спакойным ён адыйшоў у небыццё, пасля таго, як даведаўся, дзе ж дзеўся ягоны брат, якога ён праводзіў на вайну? І да апошняга дня Аксана заставалася разам з чытачом. Ігар Палынскі, пра якога тут згадвалі, – гэта тэхнічны рэдактар, паэт, музыка, журналіст, мультыінструменталіст, калі так можна сказаць, настолькі шматфункцыянальны, што можа зрабіць амаль усё ў журналістскай прафесіі і ў тэхнічнай яе рэалізацыі. Таму па пасадзе ён быў тэхнічны рэдактар, хаця і пісаў, і здымаў, і гаварыў, і ствараў добрыя журналісцкія матэрыялы. Настасся Уткіна – самая маладая ўдзельніца нашай каманды, любіць спорт і любіць пісаць пра спорт, любіць фатаграфію. Менавіта фотарэпартажы Настассі Уткінай, Зоі Хруцкай, відэа і тэксты Зоі Хруцкай і Ігара Палынскага зафіксавалі тое, што адбывалася ў 20-ым годзе, прытрымліваючыся высокіх прафесійных стандартаў. Жанна Горбань, спецыяліст па рэкламе, сумленны чалавек, педантычны ў лепшым сэнсе, бо скурпулёзнасць і педантычнасць патрабуецца пры зборы рэкламы і грошай. Яна працавала з рэкламай, з грашыма, і можна было абсалютна спакойным быць за касу прадпрыемства, бо з касай працавала Жанна. На жаль, сёння каса пустая, усе рэсурсы “РГ” прызнаныя экстрэмісцкімі, людзі засталіся без працы, а галоўны рэдактар абвінавачваецца ў дыскрэдытацыі Рэспублікі Беларусь. Я ганаруся, што працаваў з гэтымі людзьмі ў адной камандзе, камандзе прафесіяналаў з вялікай літары, для якіх праўда была вышэйшая за ўтульнасць. Яны маглі спакойна спаць пасля кожнай сваёй публікацыі, бо пісалі толькі праўду. Таксама спакойна мог спаць і я, таму што не перажываў за тое, што мы нібыта пішам хлусню ці на кагосьці ўзвялі паклёп. І зразумела, наш калектыў не займаўся экстрэмізмам.
Я меў шчасце за сваё журналістскае жыццё сустракацца з рознымі людзьмі. Быць знаёмым з Генадзем Аляксандравічам Каханоўскім, Адамам Восіпавічам Мальдзісам, Анатолем Валянцінавічам Рогачам, Уладзімірам Содалем, Янкам Саламевічам, Міколам Капыловічам, Міхасём Міхайлавічам Чарняўскім, Канстанцінам Іванавічам Харашэвічам, якія, вядома, не дапусцілі б у кола сваіх знаёмых, а ў некаторых выпадках, я б сказаў і сяброў, людзей неразборлівых у адносінах да Беларусі. Я і сёння чую іхныя галасы, галасы тых асоб, якія разам з маімі продкамі далі мне дакладныя арыентыры ў жыцці. Вучылі жыць па прынцыпе “ніколі не здраджвай сваёй Бацькаўшчыне”. І для мяне Бацькаўшчына – не толькі крыніца ля вёскі Малая Кавалеўшчына на Мёршчыне, якую да гэтага часу завуць Флоравай крыніцай, таму што яе расчысціў са свамім вучнямі настаўнік, мой дзед, Флор Данатавіч Манцэвіч, і яна сёння бруіць; не толькі студня ў Іказні на Браслаўшчыне, якую завуць Манцэвічавай студняй, таму што мой дзед будаваў сабе хату, — сорак першы год не даў дабудаваць — а студня засталася; але і мой народ, мая Беларусь, служэнню якім я паклаў сваё жыццё. Год таму не стала майго бацькі, журналіста і пісьменніка Барыса Флоравіча Манцэвіча, якому я не змог да гадавіны паставіць помнік, бо з-за кратаў гэта не робіцца. Але помнікам для пісьменнікаў становяцца іх кнігі. Апошняя яго прыжыццёвая кніга 21-га года выдання, прысвечаная аднакашніку па філалагічным факультэце, з якім яны разам вучыліся і сябравалі, Нілу Сымонавічу Гілевічу носіць сімвалічную назву “Беларушчына”. Сёння сына аўтара гэтай кнігі судзяць за дыскрэдытацыю Рэспублікі Беларусь, не знайшоўшы для абвінавачання, і мы з маім абаронцам паказалі гэта, ніводнага факту дыскрэдытацыі, якога б нельга было абвергнуць. Я не летуценнік, але тое, што праз нейкі час у Маладзечне, ці ў Вілейцы, у Мядзелі ці Свіры, а можа ў маленькай вёсачцы Верхнія Друі на Маладзечаншчыне, з’явіцца вуліца імя “Рэгіянальнай газеты” – гэта мара можа быць цалкам рэальная і рэалізаваная. Нягледзячы на тое, што напаткала “Рэгіянальную газету”, яна ўпісала яскравы і варты радок у гісторыю сучаснай Беларусі. Газеты, якая насамрэч мацавала аўтарытэт беларускай нацыі, давала людзям праўдзівае слова на блізкай ім мове, заўсёды жыла клопатамі і праблемамі сваіх чытачоў і іх суседзяў. У падручніках па гісторыі беларускай журналістыкі тыя, хто будуць яе вывучаць, а такія заўсёды знаходзяцца, бо журналістыка адна з самых старажытных прафесій, абавязкова будуць апісанні лепшых прыкладаў працы каманды “Рэгіянальнай газеты”, якая заклікала і была пакліканая пісаць толькі праўду – пра што сёння гэты працэс. Я не бачу сваёй віны ні ў чым. У першыя ж дні затрымання мне гаварылі аператыўныя работнікі: “Аляксандр Барысавіч, ваш лёс вырашаецца не ў судзе, а тут, цяпер”, — хлусячы пра тое, што мая жонка з сардэчным прыступам трапіла ў бальніцу. — “Прызнайцеся ў сваёй віне і ўсё будзе добра”. Толькі ў чым мая віна? Майго дзеда расстралялі за Беларусь, а я пабаюся вашых чатырох гадоў, грамадзянін дзяржаўны абвінаваўца? Паглядзіце мне ў вочы. Ніколі. Шкада толькі блізкіх, хворую жонку, унука Даната, якога я думаў вучыць новым словам, а яго мама вымушаная цяпер шукаць словы, як патлумачыць дзіцёнку тое, за што яго дзед сядзіць у турме, дзе месца сапраўдным злачынцам, і толькі злачынцам. Я думаю, што яна знойдзе правільныя словы, а ў мяне застанецца сумленне чыстым, унуку ж не будзе сорамна за дзедава імя. Шкада праектаў, якія я відавочна ўжо не рэалізую, бо не хопіць гэтых 4х гадоў, а ў тое жыццё я не веру, шкада “Рэгіянальнай газеты”, сваіх супрацоўнікаў і чытачоў, што засталіся без шчырага сябра “РГ”. Падзеі пасля лета 21-га года вакол “Рэгіянальнай газеты” знішчылі найцудоўны праект, які працаваў для Беларусі, у імя Беларусі. Віны сваёй я не прызнаЮ і не прызнАю.
Дзякуй яшчэ раз усім за падтрымку мяне. Бясконцы дзякуй маёй сям’і, сябрам і калегам, усім тым, хто прыходзіў усе гэтыя 7 дзён на пасяджэнні, хто не прыходзілі, і перажывалі за мяне, хто пісаў мне пісьмы ў Жодзіна, хто дасылаў пасылачкі і не толькі, дзякуй усім. Дзякуй, Рыгор Фёдаравіч, за нашу сумесную працу. Дзякуй, высокі суд, за магчымасць прамовіць апошняе слова.
Дзякуй усім іншым удзельнікам і ўдзельніцам працэсу, усім прысутным. А тэзісы майго выступу прашу высокі суд далучыць да матэрыялаў судовага працэсу, бо напісанае застаецца.
Molodechno District Court, Molodechno, Minsk Region, Belarus
3 November 2023
Source: Facebook
Read more about the case: Viasna
Photo: svaboda.org